======Duels======
=====Dueling Information=====
  * **Definition:** A formal or informal magical combat between two or more [[witches]] or [[wizards]].
  * **Etiquette:** Formal duels traditionally begin with the combatants facing each other, bowing as a sign of respect and acknowledgment, and then turning to take a set number of paces before the engagement begins.
  * **Objective:** The goal of a duel varies greatly depending on the context. In a sporting or practice setting, the objective is typically to disarm or incapacitate an opponent. In a real-life confrontation or a duel involving [[Dark Arts]], the intent may be to seriously injure or kill the adversary.
  * **Key Spells:** A wide array of [[spells]] are used in dueling. The most common offensive spells include the [[Disarming Charm]] ([[Expelliarmus]]), the [[Stunning Spell]] ([[Stupefy]]), and various [[jinxes]], [[hexes]], and [[curses]] such as the [[Impediment Jinx]] ([[Impedimenta]]). The primary defensive spell is the [[Shield Charm]] ([[Protego]]). In dark duels, the [[Unforgivable Curses]] are often employed.
  * **Type:** A form of [[Magical Combat]].
=====History and Notable Instances=====
  * **Albus Dumbledore vs. Gellert Grindelwald (1945):** A legendary duel that concluded the Global [[Wizarding War]]. The confrontation resulted in [[Gellert Grindelwald|Grindelwald]]'s defeat and his imprisonment in [[Nurmengard]]. [[Albus Dumbledore]]'s victory established him as one of the most powerful [[wizards]] of all time and made him the master of the [[Elder Wand]].
  * **Gilderoy Lockhart vs. Severus Snape (1992):** A brief demonstration duel during the first and only meeting of the [[Hogwarts]] [[Dueling Club]]. [[Severus Snape|Snape]] effortlessly defeated [[Gilderoy Lockhart|Lockhart]] with an [[Expelliarmus]], exposing Lockhart's dueling incompetence.
  * **Harry Potter vs. Draco Malfoy (1992):** The first proper duel between the two rivals, which took place at the [[Dueling Club]]. [[Draco Malfoy|Malfoy]] used the [[spell]] [[Serpensortia]] to conjure a [[snake]], leading [[Harry Potter|Harry]] to reveal his status as a [[Parselmouth]] when he spoke to the serpent.
  * **Harry Potter vs. Lord Voldemort (1995):** The first one-on-one duel between [[Harry Potter]] and the newly-resurrected [[Lord Voldemort]] in the [[Little Hangleton]] graveyard. [[Voldemort]] forced Harry to perform the traditional dueling bow. When they cast spells at each other, their [[wands]], containing twin cores from the [[phoenix]] [[Fawkes]], connected in a rare magical phenomenon known as [[Priori Incantatem]].
  * **Albus Dumbledore vs. Lord Voldemort (1996):** A spectacular duel fought in the Atrium of the [[Ministry of Magic]]. The two powerful [[wizards]] showcased a mastery of advanced magic, including complex [[Transfiguration]], non-verbal [[spells]], and elemental manipulation. The duel concluded when [[Voldemort]] fled after failing to possess [[Harry Potter]].
  * **Bellatrix Lestrange vs. Sirius Black (1996):** A short and fatal duel within the [[Death Chamber]] of the [[Department of Mysteries]]. While laughing at his cousin, [[Sirius Black]] was struck by a [[spell]] from [[Bellatrix Lestrange]] that sent him falling backward through the ancient, veiled archway to his death.
  * **Severus Snape vs. Harry Potter (1997):** Following [[Albus Dumbledore]]'s death, an enraged [[Harry Potter]] pursued [[Severus Snape|Snape]] across the [[Hogwarts]] grounds. Snape, without trying to harm Harry, effortlessly deflected all of Harry's attacks, criticized his spellcasting, and revealed his own identity as the [[Half-Blood Prince]] before escaping.
  * **Molly Weasley vs. Bellatrix Lestrange (1998):** During the climax of the [[Battle of Hogwarts]], [[Molly Weasley]] engaged [[Bellatrix Lestrange]] in a furious duel after the [[Death Eater]] tried to kill [[Ginny Weasley]]. Fueled by maternal rage, Molly fought with a skill and power that surprised Bellatrix, ultimately killing her with a [[curse]] that struck her heart.
  * **Minerva McGonagall, Horace Slughorn, and Kingsley Shacklebolt vs. Lord Voldemort (1998):** In the final moments of the [[Battle of Hogwarts]], these three formidable combatants fought [[Voldemort]] simultaneously, holding their ground against the [[Dark Lord]] until [[Harry Potter]] intervened to begin the final confrontation.
  * **Harry Potter vs. Lord Voldemort (1998):** The final duel of the [[Second Wizarding War]]. Facing each other in the [[Great Hall]], Harry explained that he was the true master of the [[Elder Wand]]. [[Voldemort]]'s [[Killing Curse]] rebounded upon himself when he cast it at Harry, as the [[wand]] would not murder its master.
=====Learning and Counter-Measures=====
  * Dueling skills are primarily taught as part of the [[Defence Against the Dark Arts]] curriculum at [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]], which covers both offensive and defensive magic.
  * In 1992, a short-lived [[Dueling Club]] was formed at [[Hogwarts]] to teach students the formal art of dueling, though it was largely ineffective due to the incompetence of its founder, [[Gilderoy Lockhart]].
  * In 1995, [[Harry Potter]], [[Ron Weasley]], and [[Hermione Granger]] formed [[Dumbledore's Army]], a secret student organization focused on teaching practical defensive magic. Under Harry's tutelage, the members learned and practiced essential dueling spells, which proved crucial for their survival in later battles.
=====Etymology=====
  * The word "duel" is derived from the Latin word //duellum//, which was an archaic form of //bellum//, meaning "war." Over time, its meaning was influenced by the Latin //duo//, meaning "two," shifting to describe an arranged combat between two individuals.
=====Behind the Scenes=====
  * In the film adaptations of the series, magical duels are often highly stylized and choreographed, featuring more dramatic wand movements and physical action than is typically described in the novels. Spells are frequently shown colliding in mid-air in a stream of light, a visual effect used to represent the struggle between the two casters (film).
  * The fatal spell [[Bellatrix Lestrange]] uses against [[Sirius Black]] in the book is a jet of red light, consistent with a [[Stunner]], and his death is caused by falling through the [[Veil]]. In the film adaptation of //Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix//, she is explicitly shown casting the [[Killing Curse]], [[Avada Kedavra]] (film).