======Minerva McGonagall======
=====Introduction=====
Professor Minerva McGonagall was a half-blood witch who served as Professor of [[Transfiguration]], Head of [[Gryffindor]] House, Deputy Headmistress, and later Headmistress of [[Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry]]. A formidable and exceptionally talented witch, McGonagall was a registered [[Animagus]] and a key member of the [[Order of the Phoenix]] during both the First and Second Wizarding Wars. Known for her strict, no-nonsense demeanor, she was also fiercely protective of her students and a staunch supporter of [[Albus Dumbledore]]. She played a crucial role in the defense of [[Hogwarts]] during the final battle against [[Lord Voldemort]].
=====Biography=====
=====Early Life and Hogwarts Years=====
Minerva McGonagall was born in Scotland to a [[Muggle]] Presbyterian minister, Robert McGonagall, and a pure-blood witch, Isobel Ross (Pottermore). Upon receiving her [[Hogwarts]] acceptance letter, her magical abilities were revealed to her family, causing a rift between her parents (Pottermore). At [[Hogwarts]], she was a Hatstall, with the [[Sorting Hat]] taking five and a half minutes to decide between [[Gryffindor]] and [[Ravenclaw]] before ultimately placing her in [[Gryffindor]] (Pottermore). She excelled as a student, becoming a [[Prefect]] and Head Girl, and achieving top grades in her O.W.L.s and N.E.W.T.s (Pottermore).
=====Career and First Wizarding War=====
After graduating from [[Hogwarts]], McGonagall worked for two years at the [[Ministry of Magic]] in the [[Department of Magical Law Enforcement]] (Pottermore). Unhappy with the anti-Muggle prejudice at the Ministry, she returned to [[Hogwarts]] to accept a teaching position in the [[Transfiguration]] department under its head, [[Albus Dumbledore]] (Pottermore). She eventually became Head of the department.
During the First Wizarding War, she was a member of the original [[Order of the Phoenix]], fighting against [[Lord Voldemort]] and his [[Death Eaters]]. On the night the [[Potter family]] was attacked in [[Godric's Hollow]], she was the first to arrive at [[Number Four, Privet Drive]], observing the [[Dursleys]] all day in her cat form before [[Dumbledore]] and [[Rubeus Hagrid]] arrived with the infant [[Harry Potter]].
=====Between the Wars (1981-1995)=====
In the years following [[Voldemort]]'s first downfall, McGonagall continued her roles as Professor of [[Transfiguration]] and Head of [[Gryffindor]]. She greeted [[Harry Potter]] and his fellow first-years upon their arrival at [[Hogwarts]] in 1991. Despite her strictness, she showed a softer side, particularly towards [[Harry]]; recognizing his innate talent for flying, she bent school rules to get him a [[Nimbus 2000]] and a spot on the [[Gryffindor]] [[Quidditch]] team as Seeker. She contributed to the protection of the [[Philosopher's Stone]] by creating a giant, enchanted [[Wizard's Chess]] set.
=====Second Wizarding War=====
With the return of [[Lord Voldemort]], McGonagall rejoined the [[Order of the Phoenix]]. She fiercely opposed [[Dolores Umbridge]]'s tyrannical reign as High Inquisitor of [[Hogwarts]], openly challenging her authority and defending students from her cruel punishments. During the O.W.L. astronomy practical, she was hit by four simultaneous [[Stunning Spell]]s while attempting to defend [[Hagrid]] from Ministry Aurors and was sent to [[St Mungo's Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries]] to recover.
After [[Dumbledore]]'s death, she became the Acting Headmistress of [[Hogwarts]]. During the subsequent school year under the control of [[Severus Snape]] and the [[Carrows]], she remained at the school to protect the students as best she could.
During the [[Battle of Hogwarts]], McGonagall took command of the school's defense. She used a powerful [[Piertotum Locomotor]] spell to animate the school's statues and suits of armour to fight. She dueled [[Severus Snape]] in the Great Hall, forcing him to flee, and later courageously fought [[Lord Voldemort]] himself alongside [[Kingsley Shacklebolt]] and [[Horace Slughorn]]. Following the battle and Voldemort's final defeat, she became the permanent Headmistress of [[Hogwarts]].
=====Physical Appearance and Personality=====
Professor McGonagall is described as a tall, severe-looking witch who often wears her black hair in a tight bun. She frequently wears emerald green robes and has a very stern expression. She also wears square-rimmed spectacles which, in her [[Animagus]] form as a silver tabby cat, manifest as distinctive square markings around her eyes.
Her personality is a blend of strict discipline and deep-seated fairness and courage. She rarely shows emotion, but her loyalty to [[Dumbledore]] and her protectiveness over her students, especially [[Harry Potter]], [[Ron Weasley]], and [[Hermione Granger]], are unwavering. She possesses a dry sense of humor that appears on rare occasions, often in moments of triumph over adversaries like the [[Dursleys]] or [[Dolores Umbridge]]. She does not tolerate foolishness or rule-breaking but is willing to bend the rules when she believes it is for the greater good.
=====Magical Abilities and Skills=====
  * **Transfiguration:** McGonagall was an exceptionally powerful and skilled mistress of [[Transfiguration]]. Her abilities were renowned, and she could perform highly advanced and complex transfigurations, including Human [[Transfiguration]] and animating dozens of statues to act as a defending army.
  * **Animagus:** She was a registered [[Animagus]], capable of turning into a silver tabby cat at will. This form was useful for unobtrusive observation and stealth.
  * **Dueling:** McGonagall was a highly formidable duelist. She held her own against [[Severus Snape]] and was one of the three who dueled [[Lord Voldemort]] directly during the final battle, surviving the encounter.
  * **Patronus Charm:** Her [[Patronus]] took the form of a silver cat, identical to her [[Animagus]] form. She was proficient enough to cast multiple corporeal Patronuses simultaneously to deliver messages, a mark of a very powerful wizard.
  * **Non-Verbal Magic:** She was adept at using non-verbal spells, a skill demonstrated in her duel against [[Snape]].
  * **Wand:** Her [[wand]] was nine and a half inches long, made of fir, and contained a [[dragon heartstring]] core (Pottermore).
=====Possessions=====
  * **Wand:** Her primary magical tool.
  * **Tartan Dressing Gown:** She was often seen wearing a tartan-patterned dressing gown when woken in the middle of the night.
  * **Lace Handkerchief:** She often used a handkerchief, particularly in moments of rare emotional display.
  * **Snuffbox:** She offered [[Professor Trelawney]] a snuffbox filled with what appeared to be ginger newt biscuits.
=====Relationships=====
  * **Albus Dumbledore:** McGonagall was one of [[Dumbledore]]'s oldest friends, most trusted colleagues, and staunchest supporters. She held him in the highest regard and trusted his judgment implicitly, even when she did not fully understand his plans.
  * **Harry Potter:** She acted as a mentor and protector to [[Harry]] throughout his time at [[Hogwarts]]. While often his sternest critic and disciplinarian, she also displayed immense pride in his accomplishments and a deep-seated concern for his safety and well-being.
  * **Severus Snape:** Her relationship with [[Snape]] was professional but fraught with tension and suspicion. For years, she begrudgingly trusted him on [[Dumbledore]]'s word alone. His killing of [[Dumbledore]] turned her trust to rage, and she was shocked to learn the truth of his allegiance after his death.
  * **Dolores Umbridge:** McGonagall viewed [[Umbridge]] with undisguised contempt. She openly defied Umbridge's authority as High Inquisitor and did everything in her power to undermine her control of [[Hogwarts]], making their relationship intensely antagonistic.
  * **Gryffindor Students:** As Head of [[Gryffindor]], she was fiercely proud of her house. She was a fair but strict head, expecting the best from her students while defending them passionately when they were wronged.
=====Etymology=====
  * **Minerva:** Named for the Roman goddess of wisdom, poetry, strategic warfare, and the arts. This reflects McGonagall's intelligence, her strategic command during the [[Battle of Hogwarts]], and her role as an educator.
  * **McGonagall:** A Scottish surname. J.K. Rowling chose this name in honor of the poet William Topaz McGonagall, who is widely regarded as the worst poet in the English language. Rowling stated she found the contrast between the poet's reputation and Professor McGonagall's brilliance to be irresistible (J.K. Rowling interview).
=====Behind the Scenes=====
  * In the film adaptations of the *Harry Potter* series, Minerva McGonagall was portrayed by Dame Maggie Smith.
  * A detailed backstory written by J.K. Rowling on Pottermore revealed that in her youth, McGonagall fell in love with a [[Muggle]] named Dougal McGregor but broke off the engagement to avoid a life of secrecy like her mother's. She later married her former [[Ministry of Magic]] boss, Elphinstone Urquart, who died from a [[Venomous Tentacula]] bite after three years of marriage (Pottermore). This information does not appear in the seven novels.